With the development of artificial intelligence and big data, data has become an important part of production factors, and the sharing and transaction of data have a very high importance. Through the storage service of the cloud data transaction platform, users can send data to the cloud platform remotely, and flexibly access and transmit data through the Internet anytime and anywhere. However, this approach faces growing data security concerns. When users transmit data to the cloud, they will not have full control over their data. Data stored in the cloud may be altered, deleted, leaked, or misappropriated, especially in public cloud environments. Many current data transaction platforms simply adopt a decentralized model to avoid this problem, but still perform poorly in the face of massive transaction scenarios. In addition, when the data demander receives the required data, there is the problem of denying the transaction, which challenges the availability of the data transaction platform and affects the trust of the data transaction participants in the transaction platform. This paper proposes a secure searchable-encryption-based data transaction protocol (SDTP) utilizing blockchain technology and searchable encryption. In the proposed protocol, the transaction platform does not gain access to the provider’s raw data, and the data provider has all decisionmaking rights over the data. The data demander can search for the target encrypted data using only keywords before receiving the original data authorized by the data provider. In addition, blockchain technology, with its decentralized and tamper-proof characteristics, has made important contributions to the transformation of traditional centralized data transaction platforms, and the entire data transaction process is recorded on the blockchain, effectively preventing problems such as demander denial and data tampering. In this paper, a formal verification tool is used to ensure that the proposed protocol meets the ideal security standard expected by the secure data transaction protocol, and the security of the protocol against attacks is proved from the perspective of non-formal theoretical analysis.

Web3 is the next-generation internet, utilizing blockchain technology to power decentralized applications and give users greater control. However, the scalability limitations of blockchain create performance bottlenecks that hinder Web3’s overall processing capabilities. Among current scalability solutions, multi-chain architecture has been considered a promising approach with high flexibility. However, current multi-chain architecture lacks portability to existing blockchains and relies on relayers to solve timing issues in the interoperability process. The lack of portability makes it challenging for existing blockchains to adopt the current multi-chain architecture, significantly impeding multi-chain promotion. Moreover, relying on relayers to address timing issues leads to low efficiency and potential reliability risks. This paper introduces Zunesha, a multi-chain architecture that designs a smart-contractbased multi-chain toolkit (STACK) to provide a portable multi-chain architecture. Additionally, it introduces the Dynasty-Based Consensus Node Set Verification (DB-CNSV) protocol as a foundational safety mechanism to eliminate relayers in the interoperability process and address timing issues. Our evaluation shows that Zunesha significantly enhances the overall performance of the blockchain. As the number of subchains increases, the throughput grows almost linearly. Furthermore, the performance of inter-chain transactions surpasses that of the current mainstream multi-chain architecture, Cosmos.

This paper investigates the information sharing strategies of green supply chains, greenwashing, and blockchain technology. The unobservable green activities in the manufacturing process references to those aspects of logistics activities that are imperceptible to consumers. To ensure that consumers perceive authentic green information without being influenced by greenwashing, the retailer and manufacturer can collaborate on establishing a blockchain platform for sharing the manufacturer’s carbon footprint data. The research findings indicate that the manufacturer may be motivated to share its carbon footprint information to stimulate consumer demand for green products. Additionally, the retailer may proactively invest in constructing a blockchain platform to facilitate the sharing of the manufacturer’s carbon footprint data and enhance sales profitability. Analysis indicates that when consumers possess a higher anticipated level of unobservable greenness and exhibit greater sensitivity to green issues, there is an enhanced motivation for both manufacturers and retailers to implement blockchain technology. Interestingly, due to the construction costs associated with implementing the blockchain platform, the manufacturer and retailer are more likely to collaborate on this endeavor. However, this shift in the information sharing structure benefits all members of the supply chain, resulting in a mutually beneficial outcome. Furthermore, the dominant blockchain strategy is influenced by factors such as cost and market strategy.

Consensus mechanisms are fundamental to maintaining consistency in distributed systems. With the advent of Web 3.0, blockchain has revealed limitations of traditional Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanisms. To address these issues, we propose a novel Quadratic Voting-based DPoS (Q-DPoS) consensus mechanism. Our approach integrates Quadratic Voting into DPoS to optimize voting power distribution, vote counting, and reward settlement processes, thereby incentivizing participation from users with lower stakes while reducing the concentration of influence. To prevent the system from reverting to a linear reward structure under Sybil Attacks, we introduce admission rules and vote similarity detection mechanisms to strengthen its robustness. Simulation results demonstrate that Q-DPoS significantly increases voter participation and alleviates stake centralization, thereby enhancing overall decentralization. Additionally, theoretical analysis grounded in game theory confirms that the proposed mechanism effectively diversifies voting preferences, contributing to a more balanced and resilient consensus mechanism suitable for Web 3.0 ecosystem.

Airdrops represent a pivotal strategic instrument for Web3 projects, serving to distribute free tokens and motivate early adoption. However, the popularity of these tokens has fueled the emergence of airdrop hunters—individuals who exploit multiple transactions to acquire disproportionate amounts of tokens unfairly. This phenomenon threatens the integrity and fairness of the Web3 community. Current detection methods struggle with high false-positive rates, harming legitimate users, and require significant computational resources for training. Furthermore, these methods face challenges in adapting to the evolving tactics of airdrop hunters, leading to diminished detection accuracy and efficiency. We introduce ARTEMIX, a community-boosting-based framework that integrates custom-engineered features and community detection techniques to identify airdrop hunters in NFT transactions. Using data from the Blur NFT market, ARTEMIX demonstrates superior accuracy and efficiency, outperforming existing graph-based inference models, achieving an F1 score of 0.898. This approach provides a scalable and effective solution to anomaly detection in the Web3 ecosystem, promoting a more secure and equitable environment for token distributions.

Blockchain-enabled subcontracting model has been developed to address the issue of bid shopping in construction projects. However, the impact of this blockchain application on the decision-making of project stakeholders and its economic outcomes has not been thoroughly examined. This study establishes a game-theoretic framework to evaluate the economic implications of stakeholders' behaviors in the construction project subcontracting process. Utilizing this framework, the study investigates how the blockchain-enabled subcontracting model influences stakeholders’ decision-making and economic outcomes when compared to the traditional subcontracting model. The findings of this examination indicate that the blockchain application can effectively reduce opportunistic behaviors, leading to mutually beneficial outcomes for the stakeholders. This outcome contributes to the existing knowledge by 1) elucidating the practical implications of blockchain-based subcontracting models in the construction industry, bridging the gap between new technological applications and industry practices, and 2) illustrating that blockchain technology promotes ethical decision-making among General Contractors (GC) and Subcontractors (Subs) during the subcontracting process, ultimately improving quality and profitability by reducing the risks of claims and disputes.