Owing to their outstanding high-temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation tolerance, and corrosion resistance, silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiCf/SiC) composites have shown extensive potential in advanced applications, including aerospace and nuclear industries. SiCf/SiC composites are considered among the most promising accident-tolerant fuel cladding materials, especially in the context of fourth-generation fission reactor development, owing to their stability under extreme conditions. However, the complex processing and structural characteristics of the material leave room for further research, especially with the emergence of new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, this work will provide a review of various processes, including chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP), nano impregnation and transient eutectic method (NITE), and reactive melt infiltration (RMI), focusing on improving material density, mechanical properties, and irradiation stability. Additionally, an in-depth review of the mechanical properties and microstructural changes of SiCf/SiC composites and their cladding components under extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, irradiation, and corrosion, is provided, as these factors directly affect their long-term stability in nuclear reactors. Notably, numerical simulation technology has become a crucial tool for predicting the service performance of materials. Integrating advanced technologies like AI is expected to further promote the application of SiCf/SiC composites in future high-temperature structural materials. In summary, significant progress has been made in the study of SiCf/SiC composites as next-generation nuclear fuel cladding materials. However, further research is needed in areas such as fabrication process optimization, interface modification, service behavior evaluation, and integration with AI to meet the higher performance demands of future nuclear energy systems.
SiCf/SiC composites; fabrication processes; mechanical properties; service conditions; artificial intelligence