Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus for which no approved virus-specific antiviral therapy is currently available. MIR2911, a honeysuckle-derived small RNA, has shown antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. In this study, in silico screening of the NiV Malaysia strain (NiV-M) reference genome identified multiple candidate MIR2911-binding sites, from which a subset of high-confidence sites were selected for experimental validation. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that MIR2911 specifically reduced reporter activity driven by NiV target sequences, and this effect was abolished by mutation of the seed-matched regions. A tandem reporter containing multiple NiV target sites showed stronger repression than individual reporters, suggesting that multisite targeting may enhance MIR2911 activity. Although these findings were obtained in a heterologous reporter system that provides only an indirect readout of target function and does not recapitulate the multistep biological processes of authentic viral infection, they suggest that MIR2911 may specifically recognize NiV genomic sequences in vitro and justify further evaluation in infection-relevant models.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, for which gene therapy provides a potential therapeutic strategy. Among various approaches, RNA interference (RNAi) technology has garnered considerable attention. This review summarizes the research progress of RNAi technology for ALS, including the pathogenic genes, effector molecules, and the application of vector delivery systems. Meanwhile, we note that current research has predominantly focused on the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene, while studies on RNAi strategies targeting other core ALS-causing genes remain relatively scarce. Furthermore, technical challenges persist, including immunogenicity and off-target effects, etc. This review concludes that optimizing the specificity of RNAi molecules and delivery systems, expanding targeted genes, and balancing potency with safety are the core directions for future research.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with complex etiology and significant clinical challenges. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as key mediators of intercellular communication, carrying diverse RNA species—especially non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs—which have emerged as critical regulators in IBD pathogenesis and progression. This review synthesizes current understanding of how EV-associated RNAs modulate fundamental IBD-related processes, including inflammatory signaling, intestinal barrier function, immune regulation, and host–microbiota interactions. By integrating recent evidence from multi-omics studies and animal models, we highlight the promise of EV-derived RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We further discuss advances in EV-RNA-based therapeutics and examine the challenges and future directions for translating these insights into clinical practice. By elucidating the multifaceted roles of EV-RNAs in IBD, this article aims to provide a theoretical foundation and inform future research toward precision diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies for IBD patients.