The potential role of exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers source for solid and hematological cancers: a narrative review

Anna Maria Zimbo; Nancy Nisticò; Domenico Maisano; Rossella Russo; Massimo Gentile; Enrica Antonia Martino; Ernesto Vigna; Antonella Bruzzese; Annamaria Aloisio; Giuseppe Fiume; Ileana Quinto; Selena Mimmi; Enrico Iaccino

doi:10.55092/exrna20230006

Review

Open Access

The potential role of exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers source for solid and hematological cancers: a narrative review

Anna Maria Zimbo¹^,†Nancy Nisticò¹^,†Domenico Maisano²^,∗Rossella Russo³Massimo Gentile⁴Enrica Antonia Martino⁴Ernesto Vigna⁴Antonella Bruzzese⁴Annamaria Aloisio¹Giuseppe Fiume¹Ileana Quinto¹Selena Mimmi¹^,‡^,∗Enrico Iaccino¹^,‡

¹ Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

² Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA

³ Department of Pharmacy, Nutritional and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87100 Cosenza, Italy

⁴ Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, A.O of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy

†These authors share the first position.

‡These authors share the senior position.

* domenico_maisano@dfci.harvard.edu; mimmi@unicz.it

Volume
Volume 5 Issue 2, 2023
Citation
Zimbo AM, Nisticò N, Maisano D, Russo R, Gentile M, et al. The potential role of exosomal microRNAs as biomarkers source for solid and hematological cancers: a narrative review. ExRNA 2023(2):0006, https://doi.org/10.55092/exrna20230006.
DOI
10.55092/exrna20230006
Copyright
Copyright2023 by the authors. Published by ELSP.

Abstract

Background and Objective: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that regulate communication between cells and participate in various physiological and pathological processes. These nanovesicles transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. Exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) modulate many pathways involved in tumor progression, growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, in this review we investigated the role of exosomal miRNAs in both solid and hematological tumors, with the purpose of highlighting their potential role as disease biomarkers. Methods: Published peer-reviewed papers used as references for this narrative review were selected from the PubMed database using “exosomes”, “microRNA” and “cancers” as keywords. The time frame adopted in the bibliographic research covers an 11-year period, from January 2012 to January 2023. Key Content and Findings: This review explores the role of exosomal miRNAs as disease biomarkers. An excursus on exosomes and miRNAs is initially made to then illustrate the mechanisms of miRNAs sorting in exosomes. Exo-miRNAs can communicate with cells and can modulate their actions. Their half-life is extended thanks to the protection provided by exosomes. The role of exosomal miRNAs in different types of solid and hematological tumors is summarized highlighting the potential of disease staging and progression. Conclusions: All manuscripts studied suggest that exosomal miRNAs can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers iwn cancer. The lack of appropriate and usable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis makes exosomal miRNAs good candidates to provide non-invasive information to guide disease management in different types of cancer.

Keywords

exosomes; microRNAs; exosomal miRNAs; cancer; biomarkers

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