Review
Open Access
Overview of parabiosis and heterochronic parabiosis research in the context of aging
Iryna Pishel
Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology and Toxicology, Enamine/Bienta Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
Abstract

The parabiosis model has become extremely popular in recent years, mainly due to research in the field of aging. It has been shown that due to the general circulation between animals of different ages, many cells and biological factors are exchanged, some of which are considered potential targets for preventing aging. However, behind the external simplicity of the model lie complex interactions that are not always possible to analyze based on the results obtained. The multidirectional effects of heterochronic parabiosis in different publications vary from demonstrating pronounced phenotypic signs of rejuvenation of old partners to induced accelerated aging of young ones. This review analyzes the basic physiological characteristics of the model, as well as the possible contribution of the physiological features of partners of different ages to them. Particular attention is paid to the rate of mutual circulation between partners and the age-related influence of soluble factors (hormones, growth factors, etc.) and extracellular vesicles; as well as the migration of stem, lymphoid, and non-lymphoid cells, including the effects of its fusion with various tissues of parabiotic partners. Since the decrease in the lifespan of a young partner in heterochronic parabiosis after separation was more pronounced than the prolongation of the life of the old one the need to study the soluble factors, extracellular vesicles, or cells which capable of inducing accelerated aging in young animals is emphasized. It is assumed that the elimination/inhibition of such “aging” factors in old animals may become one of the approaches to prolong life.

Keywords

parabiosis; aging; rejuvenation; blood exchange

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