Challenges in osteochondral repair—a critical review

Jalaja Aswathy; Josna Joseph; Annie Abraham

doi:10.55092/bm20240008

Review

Open Access

Challenges in osteochondral repair—a critical review

Jalaja Aswathy^1,²Josna Joseph³Annie Abraham¹^,∗

¹ Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India

² Phytochemistry and phytopharmacology Division, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Kerala, India

³ Dept. Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India

* annieab@keralauniversity.ac.in

Volume
Volume 2 Issue 2, 2024
Citation
Aswathy J, Joseph J, Abraham A. Challenges in osteochondral repair—a critical review. Biofunct. Mater. 2024(2):0008, https://doi.org/10.55092/bm20240008.
DOI
10.55092/bm20240008
Copyright
Copyright2024 by the authors. Published by ELSP.
Special Issue
Biofunctional Materials for Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Osteochondral (OC) tissue repair is a significant challenge in managing osteoarthritis patients, as osteoarthritis (OA) progressively deteriorates both cartilage and subchondral bone, reducing quality of life. Restoring OC regions with complete structural and functional recovery is crucial. Despite availability of various OC constructs for OA joint repair, ensuring their stability and bone support remains problematic. The primary obstacle in attaining favourable patient outcome is designing constructs tailored to individual needs. This critical review addresses the various challenges in OC tissue repair, including (i) anatomical complexities, (ii) biological approaches to restoring the OC interface, and material selection, (iii) cell sources for reconstruction, and (iv) recreating a coordinated microenvironment. The findings arising out of this introspection, underscore the need for innovative strategies to overcome these OC tissue repair limitations, aiming at restoring OC unit structure and function in OA patients.

Keywords

osteochondral unit; osteoarthritis; stem cells; osteochondral construct; scaffolds

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