Neural interfaces have played an increasingly significant part in people’s lives. A mm-scale fully-implanted neural system-on-a-chip is required for long-term bio-compatible recording in applications such as fundamental neuroscience research, neural prosthesis, and neurological disease diagnosis. This paper aims to survey and discuss the current wireless intrabody communication methods used in neural implants, including far-field radio frequency, nearfield inductive coupling, ultrasonic, near-infrared, capacitive body coupling, and galvanic body coupling communication. Starting with the discussion of communication requirements, the performance of each approach is evaluated in terms of mechanism, trade-offs, characteristics, and tissue safety. From the viewpoint of wireless communication, we present a detailed analysis and comparison of neural implants that employ different data telemetry technologies. After identifying the challenges of neural implants, several optimizations are summarized.
neural implant; brain-computer interface; neuronal recording system; biomedical implant; wireless communication; biomedical communication; intra-body communication